Mono primary polyamine and organic dihalide modified,epoxidized polyamide for paper wet strength resin

ABSTRACT

CATIONIC EXTENDED TERMINATED POLYAMIDE RESINS ARE PREPARED WHICH EXHIBIT HIGHLY PAPER WET STRENGTH PROPERTIES.

United States Patent 3,793,279 MONO PRIMARY POLYAMINE AND ORGANIC DIHALIDE MODIFIED, EPOXIDIZED POLY- AMIDE FOR PAPER WET STRENGTH RESIN Stanley A. Lipowski, Livingston, NJ., assignor to Diamond Shamrock Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio No Drawing. Filed Nov. 8, 1972, Ser. No. 304,729 Int. Cl. D21h 3/58; C08g 20/38 US. Cl. 260-29.2 EP 24 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Cationic extended terminated polyamide resins are prepared which exhibit highly desirable paper wet strength properties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (1) Field of the invention This invention relates to cationic extended terminated polyamide resins, their preparation, and their use for increasing the wet strength of paper. Relevant United States classes appear to be 162/164, 260/292 and 260/78.

(2) Description of the prior art The closest known prior art are US. Pat. Nos. 2,926,- 116; 2,926,154; 3,125,552; 3,535,288; and 3,645,954; and French Pat. No. 884,271 (which corresponds to Belgian Pat. No. 446,643).

US. Pat. No. 2,926,116 discloses a paper wet strength resin that is uncured, thermosetting, and cationic, and which comprises a water-soluble polymeric reaction product of epichlorohydrin and a polyamide derived from a polyalkylene polyamine and a saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acid containing from 3 to carbon atoms.

US. Pat. No, 2,926,154 is a continuation-in-part of No. 2,926,116 and differs essentially in that the polyalkylene polyamines contain two primary amine groups and at least one secondary amine group, and the preferred saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acids are those having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, plus diglycolic acid.

US. Pat. No. 3,125,552, discloses a paper wet strength resin which comprises a water-soluble polymeric reaction product of epichlorohydrin and a polyamide derived from a polyalkylene polyamine having at least two primary amine groups and at least one secondary amine group, and an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid having at least one carbon to carbon double bond.

US. Pat. No. 3,535,288 discloses a paper wet strength resin which comprises a polyamide, which is the reaction product of an amino carboxylate and a polyalkylene polyamine, and which is then reacted with epichlorohydrin.

US. Pat. No. 3,645,954 discloses a paper wet strength resin which is made by reacting an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with a polyalkylene amine, reacting the resulting polyamide with a lactam, and then reacting the resulting block copolyamide with epichlorohydrin.

French Pat. No. 884,271 discloses a resin for improving paper, inter alia, which comprises the reaction product of epichlorohydrin with an amine, which is then further reacted with a compound containing a reactive hydrogen atom, such as certain carboxylic acids, alcohols, or amines; as well as the epoxidation of a polyamide produced from a polyamine and an acid ester.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION c o general procedure for synthesis of these resins is as followsz.

3,793,279 Patented Feb.- 19, 1974 The resin is added to paper pulp or preformed paper to increase the wet strength of the finished paper. Wetstrength paper is produced by incorporating in paper during its manufacture from about 0.1 to about 5.0% by dry weight of the resins of the present invention based on the dry weight of the pulp present in the paper and thereafter curing the resins in the paper to a water-insoluble state, thereby producing a wet-strength paper. The preferred point of addition is after the pulp 'has reached a refined stage. The resin in the paper can be cured by heating the paper containing the resin at from about to about C. for from about 0.5 to about 30 minutes. Paper produced with the resins of this invention has improved wet-strength. Desirable properties exhibited by using the resins of this invention and/or paper treated therewith include rapid curing, easy repulpability, non-foaming tendencies, low sizing, good rewetting, rapid pulp drainage and excellent machine performance. Additionally, the resins are very stable and exhibit long shelf-life.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (1) Reactant components The acids useful in this invention can be individual acids or mixtures of acids and include:

(a) saturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; Y

(b) non-decarboxylating unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms;

(c) saturated and non-decarboxylating unsaturated tricarboxylic acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms;

(d) C alkyl monoand di-esters of saturated and un-f saturated dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms;

(e) C alkyl monoand di-esters of saturated and unsaturated tricarboxylic acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; and

(f) auhydrides of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 or 5 carbon atoms.

Useful and preferred acids utilized in the examples of this invention, infra, are:

(1) Acids containing 2 carbon atoms: diethyloxalate (2) Acids containing 3 carbon atoms: diethylmalonate (3) Acids containing 4 carbon atoms: succinic acid, succinic anhydride, diethylsuccinate, monomethyl succinate, maleic anhydride, D,L-ma1ic acid (4) Acids containing 5 carbon atoms: glutaric acid,

glutaric anhydride, dimethylglutarate, itaconic acid (5) Acids containing 6 carbons: adipic acid, monomethyl adipate (6) Acids containing 7 carbon atoms: pimelic acid (7) Acids containing 8 carbon atoms: suberic acid (8) Acids containing 9 carbon atoms: azelaic acid (9) Acids containing 10 carbon atoms: sebacic acid A useful and preferred acid not utilized in the examples of this invention is diglycollic acid.

A useful acid which is not preferred, and which was utilized in Example 43 of this invention, is citric acid.-

Other acids which may be utilized in this invention include, but are not limited to, methylmaleic acid, dibutyl a-ketoglutarate, diethyl B-ketoglutarate, tricarballylic acid, 3,4-hexadiendioic acid, hexyl pimelate, didecyl suberate, methyl octyl azelate, didodecyl sebacate, undecandioic acid, dodecandioic acid, 4-octenedioic acid, and the like.

' The preferred acids may be used either alone or in combination with other acids. Acids which are not preferred may be used alone only if the resulting resin has a wet strength of at least 14%. Where the resulting resin using a particular acid has a wet strength of from up to but not including 14%, that acid may be used only in combination with a preferred acid, so that the resin resulting from the combination of acids has a wet strength of at least 14% An acid whose resulting resin has a wet strength of under 10% is not considered to be within the scope of this invention. [See Testing of Wet Strength Eflicacy, infra] The backbone polyamines useful in this invention can be any one or a mixture of polyamines, branched or straight chain, provided that they contain at least 2 primary amines which may be located anywhere on the chain and at least one secondary or tertiary amine which also may be located anywhere on the chain. Examples of preferred backbone polyamines include, but are not limited to: prim, sec-diethylenetriamine; prim, sec-tetraethylenepentamine; prim, tert-bis (aminopropyl) methylamine; prim, sec-pentaethylenehexamine; and prim, sec-triethylenetetramine. Other useful backbone amines include: prim, sec-imino-bis-propylamine; prim, sec-dibutylenetriamine; prim, sec-tetrapropylenepentamine; prim, sec-imino-bishexylamine; and prim, tert-bis(aminoethyl) propylamine.

The terminating polyamines useful in this invention can be any one or a mixture of polyamines, branched or straight chain, provided that they contain only one primary amine which may be located anywhere on the chain and at least one secondary or tertiary amine which also may be located anywhere on the chain.

i;. ..Examples of preferred terminating amines include, but are not limited to: prim, tert-dimethylaminopropylamine; and prim, see-N-aminoethylethanolamine. Other useful terminating amines include: prim, tert-diethylaminoethylamine; prim, tert-methylbutylaminopropylamine; and prim, sec-aminoethylisopropanolamine.

I The chain extenders useful in this invention can be any one or a mixture of alkyl dihalide, alkyl ether dihalide, phenylbis(alkyl halide), and phenyl alkyl dihalide containingfroml to 12 carbon atoms. I

Examples of preferred useful chain extenders include, but are not limited to, methylenedibromide, ethylenedibromide, methylenediiodide, dichloroethylether, dichloroisopropylether, and triglycol dichloride. Other useful chain extenders include phenyl bis (methyl chloride), phenyl butyl dib'romide, and the like. W s

As used in this invention, the term epoxidizing agent means an. epoxy compound used to cap amine groups on the extended base. The epoxidizing agents useful'in this invention can be anyone or a mixture of epihalohydrin and alkyl substituted epihalohydrin. Examples of useful epoxidizing agents are epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, epiiodohydrin, epifluorohydrin, bromoepoxybutane, chlo' roepoxyhexane, iodoepoxyisobutane, and the like. Preferred epoxidizing agents are epichlorohydrin and epibro mohydrin. v v f (2) Reactant parameters The proportions of the chemicals used in the synthesis of the wet strength resin are as follows.

In the formation of the base polyamide, the mole ratio of the backbone amine to the acid must always be less than 1 to 1. The maximum range of molar ratio is about 0.66 to about 0.99:1 and the preferred range is about 0.75 to about 0.95: 1. It is critical that fewer moles of the backbone polyamine be present than of the acid, so that the base polyamide has free carboxylic groups remaining, thus permitting reaction with the terminating amine.

The base polyamide is reacted with at least suflicient terminating polyamine to cap all free carboxylic groups remaining. It is preferred to use a slight excess of terminating polyamine to ensure complete capping of the base polyamide.

The terminated base is reacted with the chain extendr in approximately equimolar quantities.

Th extended base is reacted with from about 0.6 mole to about 1.5 moles of epoxidizing agent (and preferably about 1.0 to about 1.4 moles) per unreacted secondary or tertiary amine remaining on the extended base, with the proviso that the amount of epoxidizing agent is not sufficiently in excess to reduce the pH of the reaction medium below about 5, as a result of hydrolysis.

There is no limitation to the length or molecular weight of the completed polymer, except that the wet strength resin must be soluble in water or capable of forming a colloidal dispersion. The presence of large numbers of epoxidized amino groups will permit very large polymers (for example, a polymer having a molecular weight of 40,000 where the amino groups on the backbone are separated by not more than 6 consecutive carbon atoms).

One of the great advantages of this invention is that a high concentration (percentage) of active material can be produced. This is done by reducing the amount of water added when extending the terminated base or when epoxidizing the extended base. If a reduced amount of water is added, the reaction temperature must also be reduced and the reaction time may be lengthened. Because the polymers of this invention are still reactive and are thermosetting, it is not possible to increase the percentage of active material by conventional drying methods. Therefore, the water added during the synthesis and pH adjustment remains with the resin and comprises at least 30 parts by weight per 70 parts by weight of resin, in the final product. A high percentage of active material is very desirable as it reduces transportation costs and increases ease of handling.

Normal temperature parameters are: from about 120 to about 240 C. for formation of the base polyamide; from about 120 to about 180 C. for formation of the terminated base; from about 100 to about 120 C. for formation of the extended base; and from about 40 to about 90 C. for formation of the epoxidized base.

Exceptions to the normal temperature parameters are required when using acids containing five carbon atoms,

diesters, esters of decarboxylating acids, and hydroxy acids. Where exceptions to temperature parameters are not given below, further reactions in the sequence are run at the normal temperature parameters. Where the acid used requires conflicting exceptions, the lower tempera ture range should be used.

Acids containing five carbon atoms are reacted at from about to about 175 C. for formation of the base polyamide and from about 120 to about C. for formation of the terminated base. Further reactions in the sequence are run at normal temperature parameters. The reduction of the upper temperature parameters is dictated by the tendency of acids containing five carbon atoms to form insoluble cyclic polymers.

Diesters are reacted at normal minimum temperatures of about 80 C. and at maximum temperatures of either the reflux temperature of the alcohol/resin mixture, or the temperature at which the resin polymer degrades, whichever is lower, for formation of the base polyamide. These temperatures also apply to formation of the terminated base and the extended base. The alcohol referred to above is the by-product of the formation of the base polyamide (see Preparation of the Resin, infra) and its nature will depend on the diester used. For example, using a dimethyl ester will produce methyl alcohol, using an ethylhexyl ester will produce ethyl alcohol and hexyl alcohol, and using a didodecyl ester will produce dodecyl alcohol. Of course, if the alcohol is removed from the base polyamide, the temperature limitations will not apply to the further reactions in the sequence.

Esters of decarboxylating acids are reacted at lower temperatures as they are less stable than the esters of non-decarboxylating acids. Oxalic acid esters are reacted at from about 15 to about 25 C. for formation of the base polyamide, at from about 70 to about 90 C. for formation of the terminated base, at from about 70 to about 90 C. for formation of the extended base, and at from about 40 to about 70 C. for formation of the epoxidized base. Malonic acid esters are reacted at from about 80 to about 160 C. for formation of the base polyamide, at from about 80 to about 100 C. for formation of the terminated base, and at from about 80 to about 100 C. for formation of the extended base.

Hydroxy acids usually are reacted at lower temperatures as they usually are less stable than the corresponding non-hydroxy acids. D,L-malic acid (hydroxy succinic acid) is reacted at from about 120 to about 155 C. for formation of the base polyamide and at from about 100 to about 120 C. for formation of the terminated base.

' Reaction time parameters are: about 1 to 6 hours for formation of the base polyamide; about 15 minutes to 3 hours for formation of the terminated base; about 1 to 3 hours for formation of the extended base; and about 20 minutes to 15 hours for epoxidation to form the wet strength resin. A notable exception to the above parameters are oxalic acid esters which require about 5 hours to about 20 hours for formation of the base polyamide. The reaction time in a given instance will depend upon the temperature at which the reaction is conducted. A higher temperature will require a shorter reaction time. It should further be noted that these time parameters only apply once the desired reaction temperature has been reached.

If the resins of this invention are prepared with reactant or process parameters outside the above, an insoluble gel may result.

(3) Preparation of the resin The wet strength resins of this invention can be prepared by utilizing the parameters given in the examples with the following procedure, unless otherwlsenoted.

(1) Preparation of the base polyamide:

(a) If an acid or anhydride is used, it is first charged into a reaction vessel and then mixed with at least suflicient water to produce a uniform slurry. The backbone polyamine is then added and the mixture is agitated until uniform. An exothermic reaction results. Heat is then applied, accompanied by stirring, until a uniform solution results. The heating is continued until it reaches the highest desired temperature while most of the water is removed by distillation. This includes both added water and water formed by the reaction. The heating is further continued at the same temperature and a vacuum is applied until all remaining water is removed.

(b) If an ester which is liquid is used, no water is added. The ester is charged into a reaction vessel and the backbone polyamine is then added, accompanied by agitation until a uniform solution is produced. Either an exothermic or an endothermic reaction will result, depending upon the ester chosen. Generally, an unsaturated acid ester will produce an exothermic reaction and a saturated acid ester will produce an endothermic reaction. An exception is oxalic acid esters, which produce exothermic reactions. The reaction vessel is then heated to the desired temperature and maintained at that temperature for the desired time, under continual agitation. An alcohol will be produced as a reaction by-product if the ester is a diester.

If the ester is a mono-ester, both alcohol and water will be produced. The alcohol from a diester may be allowed to remain or can be removed by distillation. The alcohol/water mixture from a monoester must be removed, as water cannot be allowed to remain.

(c) If an ester which is solid is used, the ester is first charged into a reaction vessel and then heated until it is melted. The melted ester is then treated as if it were a liquid ester and the above procedure is followed.

(d) An exception to the above are esters of oxalic acid. These esters are charged into a reaction vessel to which is first added a water-miscible alcohol with agitation, in order to form an alcohol solution. The base polyamine is then added to the alcohol solution accompanied by agitation. As an exothermic reaction results, the vessel is cooled in order not to exceed the desired temperature (see Example 1, Table Ia, infra).

(2) Preparation of the terminated base: To the vessel containing the base polyamide prepared above, is added a terminating amine. Agitation is maintained throughout this reaction. The vessel is then heated to the desired temperature. While the vessel is maintained at the desired temperature, a vacuum is applied until any excess of unreacted terminating polyamine is removed.

(3) Preparation of the extended base: To the vessel containing the terminated base is charged water at least sufiicient to make a uniform solution. The amount of water will depend upon the desired percentage of active material in the final product. Thus, a lower amount of water will result in a more active final product. Agitation is maintained throughout this reaction. The chain extender is added and the mixture is then heated to the desired temperature.

(4) Preparation of the epoxidized base: To the vessel containing the extended base is charged additional water in an amount depending on the desired concentration of the final product. Agitation is maintained throughout this reaction. An epoxidizing agent is then added in the desired amount and dissolved. The solution is then heated to the desired temperature and maintained at that temperature until the reaction is complete. Completeness of the reaction may be determined by an increase in viscosity measured by any conventional viscometer. A recording viscometer is preferred, in order to permit continual monitoring of the reaction. The preferred viscosity is just below the gelation point.

(5) Preparation of the final product: To the vessel containing the epoxidized base is added water in an amount sufiicient to reduce the concentration of active material to the desired level and an acid such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, formic, or acetic, in an amount sufiicient to reduce the pH to from about 1.0 to about 5.5. All of this is accompanied by continual agitation.

Where the phrases desired amount, desired temperature, desired time, etc. are used, they are intended to refer to the values given in the Reaction Parameters, supra, or to the values for any given example, infra.

(4) Use of the resin for increasing wet strength The resins of this invention are used in paper-making to increase the wet-strength of paper. These resins can be applied to paper or other felted cellulosic products by beater, tub, spray application or the like. A preferred method of incorporating these resins in paper is internal addition of the resin to the pulp prior to sheet formation to take advantage of the substantivity of the resins for hydrated cellulosic fibers. In practicing this method of application, an aqueous solution of the resin in its uncured and hydrophilic state is added to an aqueous suspension of paper stock in the beater, stock chest, Jordan, fan pump, head box, or other suitable point, before sheet 7 formation. About 0.1 to about 5.0 parts by weight of dry resin (and preferably about 0.5 part to about 1.5 parts by weight) based on 100 parts by weight of dry pulp are added to the aqueous suspension of paper stock. The quantity of resin added to the aqueous stock suspenthe fact that the reactant components used to make the. Wet strength resins of this invention may be mixtures, and allowing for experimental error, it is considered that a resin achieving 14% or higher wet strength is adequate. It is possible to use mixtures of resins having from sion will depend on the degree of wet-strength desired in up to 14% wet strength with resins having over 14% wet the finished paper and on the amount of resin retained by strength, provided that the mixture has a wet strength: of the paper fibers. Paper sheet is then formed from the at least 14%. It is also possible to use resins synthesized paper stock containing the resins and heated at about from mixtures of preferred and nonpreferred acids pro 80 to about 120 C. for from about 0.5 to about 30 1O vided that the resulting resin has awet strength of at least minutes to cure the resin in the paper to a polymerized 14% (see Reactant Components, supra). Such mixtures water-insoluble state which imparts wet-strength to the may be desirable due to considerations such as the cost paper sheet. of teh base chemicals or the ease of production.

These resins can also be applied to preformed partially The resin was tested as follows. Handsheets of paper or completely dried paper by spraying, impregnating, imwere prepared in a conventional manner according to mersing, coating, or other suitable methods for application TAPPI procedures using 100 ml. of 2% consistency unof aqueous solutions of these resins in paper making. bleached kraft pulp (2 g. dry weight) With 1, 2, 4 or 6 Application and curing is then efiected in the same ml. additions of a 1% by Weight solution of the resins of amounts and manner as if the resin were incorporated in Examples 1 through 68, that is, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 percent the pulp. respectively by weight of dry resin based on the weight The resins of this invention can be cured under acid, of dry pulp. neutral or alkaline conditions, at a p of m about Samples of the above handsheets Were then cured, and 4.0 to about 10.0, and preferably about 7.0 to about 9.0, t t d according to TAPPI test procedures T 45 49 (see Table III, infra). Optimum results can be achieved and T 404 t 66 Th t strengths b i d using these with these resins under the neutral or alkaline application t t are Shown i h column headed percent Wet and curing conditions which frequently exist in paper strength in TablesIand II. making. Since extensive corrosion of equipment occurs under acid conditions, it is an advantage that acid condi- Examples and test results tions are not required. Paper produced with these resins Tables I, Ia, and Ib: The following tables contain sumhas greatly improved wet-strength. As defined herein, maries of the preparation and wet strength test results of paper includes paper towels, absorbent tissues, filter forty-nine resins. All of these were prepared according to papers, paper for resin saturation, and the like, as well as the procedure stated in Preparation of the Resin, supra, heavier stocks such as wrapping paper, bag paper, paper- 'but all of them are not Within the scope of the invention. board, corrugated containers, and the like. All resins having a percent wet strength of at least 10% at either a 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% or a 3.0% concentration Testing of Wei Strength efficacy are considered to be Within the scope of this invention. Resins having a wet strength of at least 14% at either a The Standard used herein and in the Paper indlllsny 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% or a 3.0% concentration are prefor a wet strength resin is that based upon a paper written ferred. m Ia has the tmperature parameters for the y Bl'itt Which appeared in the April 1944 issue examples of Table I, both that of the actual synthesis and Of Paper Industry and Paper World at P of the acceptable range. Table 1b has actual gram quan- Accolding to that article, a Wet Strength P p y be tities of reactants and reactant times for all of the examdefined as being a paper in which the wet tensile strength ples of Table I. The key to the footnotes in Tables I and is at least 15% of the dry tensile strength. In view of Ib will be found after Table IIb.

TABLE I Mole Percent wet rang, 7 Strength Example 51353??? iiiy fiifit IV. Chain v Epoxiactive Percent 0.5% 1. 0% number I. Acid (prim, sec, tert) II/I (prim, sec, tert) extender dlzingagent NH active added added 1 Diethyl Triethylenetetramine 0.9 Dimethylamino- Dichlorethyl Epichloro- 1. 26 39.5 16.0 21.1

oxalate, 1, 2). propylamine (1, 3). ether. hydrin. 2 Oxallc acid Diethylenetriarnine 0.95 do do 1.16 30.0 2.1 2.3

3 Malonic 0. 95 an Triglycoldido 1.11 25.0 1.0 1.0

acid. chloride. 4 d0 Tetraethylenepenta- 0.95 d on do 0.84 21.5 3.3 4.4 5 Diethyl Digt iigliiiizrlamine 0. 94 do Dichlorethyl d0 1.15 25.0 18.1 22.3

melonate. (1, 2). ether. 6 fl-Propi olac- Diethylenetriamine 0.92 do do 1.14 22.2 2.8 4.3 7 sii diiiie acid- Diethylenetriamine 0. 95 do do 1.14 28.0 15.1 17.0 3 Succinic and o 0.94 d do do 1.14 22.0 13.2 16.5

hydride. 9 Maleic an- Tetraethylenepenta- 0.94 do do 1.14 26.0 10.2 14.0

hydride. 3 mine 1,2 10 Diethyl Bis(aminopropyl; 3) 0.75 do do 1.15 14.0 15.5 17.5 11 Miii -ge t liyi nigii i fi eii ir ie inirie' 0. 95 -fln do 1.14 21.1 15.0 10.0 12 Difi iie 0.95 an a 1.14 I 25.0 13.2 15.5 1 sifggrrg l an 0. 93 an on on 1.14 32.8 1.8 1.9

chloride. 14 Fuman'c -d0 0.95 do Methylene dido 1.09 16.0 1.0 1.0

acid. 3 bromide. 15 Glutaric acid do 0. .d0 Dichlorethyl do..--..- 1.05 25.0 18.6 21.6 10 Glutaric an- 0. 95 an ii an 1. 05 25.0 18.0 21.8 17 01 312 51 5? 0. 95 do d0 d0 1. 31 60.0 21.2 22.0 18 0532 15210. do 0. 95 d0 Trig lycgl (11- d0 1.14 18.8 18.4: 22.8 19 'y-Valerolac- -1 0, 0. 95 do Diehidiediyl d0 1.11 35.3 1.7 1.8

tone. 2 ether.

TABLE I-Continued Mole Percent Wet ratio, strength II. Backbone Mole III. Terminating Y Example polyamine ratio, polyamine IV. Chain V. Epoxiactive Percent 0.5% 1.0% number 1. Acid (prim, sec, tert) (prim, sec, tert) extender dizing agent NH active added. added 2 do do 0. 95 Dimethylaminodo ..do 2.28 40.2 2.6 3. 1

v propylamine. 21 Adlprc aeld .-do 0. 95 Dimethylaminodo ..do 1.14 10.0 21.2 24.1

propylamine (1, 3). 0. 95 do do do 1.34 41.7 18.7 22.9 0. 95 do do do 1. 30. 0 19. 3 23. 1 0. 95 Aminoethyl ethanoldo do 0.91 29.8 15.2 17. 5

amine 0.95 Dimethylamino- Triglycol -do 1.14 34.5 19.9 24.4

propylamine (1,3). dichloride. 26 do do 95 .do Ethylene -.d0 1.14 34.7 20.2 23.8

dibromide. 27 do o 7 V V 0.95 do Diiodometh- -.---do 1.14 34.5 19.6 24.6

ane. Triethylenetetramine 0. 95 do Difilllorethyl ...d0 1.02 28.0 15.4 18.1

e er. 29 do Perlitaethylenehexamine 0.95 do do do 1.02 24.0 15.2 16.6 30 do Bis(aminopropyl)- 0. 95 ....do Triglycol -..--do 1.27 15.8 16.4 20.0

methylamine (1,3). dichloride. 1 do do 0. 95 Aminoethylethanol- Dichlorethyl do 1.27 16.5 14.1 16. 5

arnine(1,2). ether. 32 do Dieithylenetriamine o do do 1. 05 19.1 16.9 19.5 33 do Trilethylenetetramine 0.95 do do do 1.05 24.0 13.9 16.7

34. ..do Pentgathylenehexamine 0. 95 do do do 1.05 33.3 14.8 17.4

1, 35 .-do Diethylenetriamine 0.85 Dimethylamino- Triglycol .-do 1.27 18.0 21.0 247 (1,2). propylamine (1,3). diehloxide. 36 do do 0.9 do do do 1.20 18. 0 21.4 23.6 37 do do 0. 95 do DhgfilOlBthyl do 0.84 23.4 18.0 21.5

e er. 38 do do 0. 95 fin do (In 1. 05 15. 1 21. 0 23. 5 39 do do 0. 95 -do do do 1.57 16.4 20.1 23.4 40 do do 0. 95 do do 1.89 34.7 15. 0 18. 1 41 do 0. 95 do do do 1.34 41.7 22.3 4 27.2 42 Monomethyl do 0. 95 do do 1.14 18.5 19.2 22.8

adipate. 43 Citric acid do 0.90 .do Tnglyeol -..do 1.14 22.0 7.0 10.4

dichloride. 44 Adipic aciddo 0.95 do Ditililorethyl do 1.14 10.0 25.8 30.2

e er. 45 Pimelie i do 0. 95 do do do 1. 05 14.5 16.1 19.9 46- Suberic acid do 0. 95 do do 1.14 11.0 18.0 21.8 47 Azelaie acid..- Tetraethylene- 0. 95 do do do 0.70 20.0 14.1 17.6

penta-imne (1,2). 48 .do Diethylcnetn'amine 0.95 .do do do 1.0 24.0 19.9 24.0

49 Sebacic acid ..do 0. 9 .....do do do 1. 14 20. 0 14. 5 15. 4

See footnotes at end of table IIb.

TABLE Ia Base polyamide Terminated base Extended base Resin (epoxidation) Example Actual Temp. Actual Temp. Actual Temp. Actual Temp. number temp. range temp. range temp. range temp. range TABLE 18.-Continued Base polyamide Terminated base Extended base Resin (epoxidation) Example Actual Temp Actual Temp. Actual Temp. Actual Temp. number temp. range temp. range temp. range temp. range TABLE Ib [Weight in grams; time in hours] Base polyamide Terminated base Epoxidized Extended base II. Back- III. Ter- V. Epoxibone Reaction minating Reaction IV. Chain Reaction dizing Reaction polyamine Water time polyamine time extender Water time agent Water time 22.5 4.1 1hr.30min-- 2.5 40 2hr 36 3hr.

32. 3.3 1 hr 2.3 1 hr. 34 128 4 hr. 15 min.

97. 8 10. 2 1 hr.. 10.0 100 1 hr. 30 min-- 100 800 13 80. 0 5. 1 1 hr 5. 0 75 1 hr. 30 min-- 110 500 13 hr.

97. 0 0 4 hr. 45 111111.- 11. 0 1 111.. 8. 0 100 1 hr. 16 min.. 100 600 4 hr. 50 min.

95. 0 0 2 hr 18. 0 1 hr-. 12. 0 100 1 hr. 30 min.. 160 900 14 hr. 30 min.

97.8 118 2 hr. 15 min" 10. 2 1 hr 8.0 100 1 hr. 30 min.. 100 700 7 hr. min.

48. 5 51 1 hr 6. 0 1 hr. 4. 0 50 1 hr. min 500 50 7 hr. 37 min.

89. 0 100 1 hr. 40 111.111-- 10. 0 1 hr. 40 mln 5. 0 70 1 hr. min 70 700 6 hr. 35 min.

54.4 0 3 hr 25. 5 1 hr 18.0 50 2 hr 50 455 8 hr. 30 min.

49. 0 66 1 hl. 30 min-. 5. 1 1 hi 4. 0 50 1 hr 50 500 9 hr. 20 min.

97.8 134 3 hr 10. 2 1 hr 8.0 100 1 hr 100 600 7 hr. min.

48. 0 200 1 hr. min. 5. 0 30 hr- 4. 0 100 1 hr 200 13 hr. 30 min.

49.0 100 2 hr 5. 1 15 hr 6.0 100 2 hr 48 270 3 hr. 30 min.

49. 0 66 2 hr. 30 min.- 5. 1 h 4. 0 150 1 hr 46. 2 276 1 hr. 16 min.

49. 0 57 2 hr. 15 min.- 5. 1 1 hr. 14 min 4. 0 50 1 hr 46. 2 350 1 hr. 26 min. 234.8 0 1hr.8min 24.5 55111111... 18.0 300 1hr 277.0 0 2hr. 23min.

48. 9 1 hr. 30 mi 5. 1 1 hr. 10 min 5. 0 1 hr 50.0 550 5 hr.

49. 0 0 3 hr. 5. 1 1 h! 4. 0 50 1 hr. 50. 0 250 7 hr. 30 min.

49.0 0 3 hr. 5. 1 1 hr 4.0 50 1 hr 100.0 250 7 hr. 30 min. 195.7 292 3 hr. 25.0 2 hr 16.0 200 1 hr. 200.0 2,400 3 hr. 45 min. 195. 7 292 4 hr. 25. 0 2 hr 16. 0 200 1 hr 237. 0 195 5 hr. 50 min.

97. 8 146 2 hi- 12. 5 2 hr 8.0 100 1 h! 150. 0 400 1 hr. 35 min. 220. 0 146 2 hr. 10.4 1 hr 8. 0 100 1 hr. 120. 0 1, 200 1 hr. 20 min.

97. 8 146 2 hr. 12.5 2 hr 10. 5 480 2 hr. 80 min.- 99. 0 0 1 hr. 50 min.

97. 8 146 2 hr. 12. 5 2 hr 10. 5 480 2 hr. 30 min.-- 99. 0 0 2 hr. 10 min.

97. 8 146 2 hr. '12. 5 2 hr 13. 5 480 2 hr. 30 min.- 99. 0 0 1 hi. 45 min. 138.7 146 1 hr. 10.2 1 hr. 15 8. 0 1 hr. 30 min.- 180. 0 930 6 hr. 40 min. 220. 0 146 1 hr. 10. 2 1 hr. 10 min.-- 8. 0 75 1 hr. 30 111111-- 360.0 1, 940 7 hr. 50 min- 136. 0 146 1 hr. 10. 2 1 hr. 10 m n..- 10. 0 100 1 hr. 30 min 112. 0 1,000 1 hr. 15 min. 136. 0 146 1 hr. 10. 4 1 hr. 10 min-.- 8 100 1 hr. 30 min 112.0 1, 000 6 hr.

97. 8 146 1 hr. 10. 4 1 hr. 20 min.-- 8 100 1 hr. 30 1n.in 92. 0 800 13 hr. 30 min 138. 7 146 1 hr. 10. 4 1 hr. 15 min... 8 100 1 hr. 30 min 184.0 1, 280 13 hr. 45 min. 220. 0 146 1 hr. 10. 4 1 hr. 15 min-.- 8 100 1 hr. 30 min 368. 0 1,200 7 hr. 30 min.

87. 5 146 1 hr 30. 6 1 hr. 15 min.-- 10 100 1 hr. 30 min.. 100. 0 800 55 min 92.7 146 1 20.4 1 hr. 10 min..- 10 100 1 hr. 30 111111-- 100. 0 800 1 hr. 50 min.

97. 3 146 2 12.5 2 hr 8 100 1 hr. 30 min- 74. 0 400 2 hr. 10 min:

97.8 146 3 12.5 2 hr. 8 100 1 hr. 30 1n1'n 92.4 1,150 1 hr. 15 min:

97. 8 146 3 12. 5 2 hr 8 100 1 hr. 30 min-- 138. 0 1, 14 hr.

97. 8 146 2 hr 12. 5 2 hr 8 100 1 hr. 30 min-. 166. 8 400 15 hr.

195.7 292 4 hr. 30 min-.. 26.0 2 hr 16 200 1 hr. 30 min 237. 0 5 hr. 50 min. 19. 6 0 1 hr. 15 111111-- 2. 5 2 hr. 45 min... 1. 5 20 1 hr. 30 111111.. 20. 0 125 6 hr. 10 min. 70.0 96 1 hr 10. 2 1 hr 5 100 1 hr. 30 min 100.0 900 5 hr. 30 min.

195. 7 292 3 hr. 10 min.- 25. 0 2 hr 16 200 1 hr. 30 min" 200. 0 2,400 3 hr. 45 min. 24.4 40 1 hr. 45 111111-. 3.0 1 hr. 35 m n.-- 2.5 30 1 hr. 37 min.- 23. 2 44 7 hr. 10 min. 48. 9 87 2 hr. 10 min.. 5. 1 1 111.25 mm..- 4 50 r 1 hr. 36 111.111-- 50. 0 260 2 hr. 15 min. 90.0 94 2 hr. 45 min.- 5. 1 15 mm-- 4 100 1 hr 92. 5 800 21 min 48. 9 94 1 hr. 20 min.- 5. 1 1 hr. 15 m n..- 4 50 1 hr. 30 min-- 46. 2 366 2 hr. 15 min. 46. 6 96 2 hr. 50 min.. 10. 2 1 hr. 15 111111... 8 50 1 hr. 30 min-.. 50. 0 300 4 hr. 35 min.

See footnotes at end of table IIb.

Tables II, IIa, and IIb: The following tables contain activity and percent wet strength of the resins. Table IIa gives the actual temperatures used in the synthesis as well as the range disclosed by the art upon which the example was based. Table IIb gives the reactant quantities and the'times of the reactant steps. A key to the footnotes in Tables IIand IIb will be found at the end of Table II indicates the reactants, their mole ratios, and the Table IIb.

TABLE 11 lfiole Percent wet r 10 E 1 11. Backbonenm Niole 1111f. Terminating W O a strength xamp e p0 yamine p re 10 p0 yamine (prim hain V. E oxidizactive Percent 0.5 No. I. .4016 sec,tert) II/I' sec, tert) extender ing ag ent N active addZi 2.552 3 50 Sebacic acid..-... Diethylenetiiamine 0.95 Dimethylamino- Dichlorethyl Wate -in 1 b1 propylamine(1,3). ether. 51 Diethyl oxalate do Epichloro- 1. 2 42.2 6. 1 9. 0

h drin. 52 ..do Triethylenetetra- 1.0 :1 1.2 8.5 11.1 13 7 mine (1,2 53-...- Oxalic acid Diathylenetriamine 1.09 do 1.08 20.3 1.3 1,7

Malonic acid.. '6" 1.09 an 1.0 55 Succinic ma do 1.06 do I 1.5 1519 2515 TABLE IIContlnued Mole Percent wet ratio, strength II. Baclrbone Mole III. Terminating V Example v polyamrde (pnm, ratio, polyamine (prim, IV. Chain V. Epoxidizactive Percent 0. 5% 1. No. I. Acid sec, tert) II/I sec, tert) extender ing agent NH active added added 56 Glutaric i do 1. 08 do 1. 08 17. 4 16. 0 20. 0 57 Dirnetbyl 1. 1 do 1. 0 15. 0 15. 5 16. 5

1: glutarate 58.- Itaconie acid 35 d0 1. 1 do 1. 0 10. 0 17. 0 21. 0 59.. Adipic acid -J 1.1 do 1. 0 10.0 18. 5 22. 0 60 (in do 1. 1 do 1. 0 10. 0 3 24. 8 9 28. 3 61 M an rin 0. 95 Dimethylamino- Dichlorethyl Ethylene 1. 39 14. 0 5. 5 7. 4

propylamine(1,3). ether. dibromide 62.- 1.. Pimelic mrl do Epichloro- 1. 0 11. 0 gel I hydrin.

63.. Suberie i do 1. 10 do 1. 0 Gel 64 0. 5 8. 0 3. 7 5. 1

.-do Diethylenetnamine' 1.4 do

; plus Ethylenedi- 7 amine Ratio 2/3.

65.-...- .........-do Ethylenediamine 1.1 do 1,0 G plus diethylenetriamine ratio Gel Gel 6 do do 1,1 do 67 ..do Ethylenediamine 1.1 do

plus diethylenezrgamine ratio as n kin 1.1 an 1 1.0 Gel See footnotes to Table 11b.

TABLE Ila Actual Temp. Actual Temp. Actual Temp. Actual Temp.

,temp. 1 range temp. range. temp. range temp. range TABLE IIb (Weight in grams; time in hours) 1 Base polyamide Terminated base 1 Epoxidized Extended base 3 II. Back- III. Ter- 7 V. Epoxi- Ex. on Reaction minating Reaction IV. Chain Reaction dizing Reaction N o. 1. Acid polyamme Water time I polyamine t1me extender Water time agent Water time 50 101 48. 9 101 1 hr.;30 min.. 5. 1, 1 hr. 45 min--- 4 50 1 hr. 40 min 28. 3 11 20 hr 30. 5 200 2 hr. 40. 0 160 20 hr 61.0 200 3 hr. 56.0 60 1 hr 50.0 500 8 hr. 56.0 50 2hr 50.0 400 8hr.50min. I 109.0 100 1 hr30 92.0 1000 45 min. 56. 0 50 1 hr. 30 min 50. 0 520 30 min.

. 113. 0 0 2 hr 92. 5 1660 3 hr. 56. 0 50 3 hr 50. 0 450 4 hr. 226. 6 100 2 hr 185. 0 3800 8 hr. 226. 6 100 2 hr 185. 0 3800 8 hr. 97. 8 146 2 hr 12. 5 2 hr 8 100 1 hr. 30 min" 250. 0 1800 3 r. 28.4 20 3hr 23.2 470 1hr10m1n. 56. 3 25 3 hr. 35 min 46.4 450 38 min. 28. 8+25. 2 25 1 hr. 50 mm 13. 0 920 5 hr. 40 min.

3+51. 5 25 1 hr. 50 mm 46. 3 940 16 min. 3+51. 5 25 1 hr. 50 mm 23.1 940 40 mm. 13. 24-34 25 1 hr. 50 mm 13. 9 940 16 mln. 13. 2+34 25 1 hr. 50 mm I V 27. 8 940 37 mm 1 Outside the scope of 11.8. 2,926,116 and 2,926,154, but prepared ac- B 2.07 concentration instead of 0.5%. cording to their method. 3.0%; concentration lnstead of 1.0%.

' 1 Considered to be a mono-acid. A chain extender (quaternizing agent) was used instead of an epoxi- 8 Unsaturated acid. dizmg agent. l Hydroxy acid. 11 Decarboxylates.

5 Prepared according to 11.8. Pat. No.

3,125,552. Isopropanol was used in place of the water. 2 fisugsiaiter 19 days of aging. s I 13 Benzene was used in place of the water.

3,793,279 15 116 (7) Interpretation of Tables I, Ia, Ib, and II, II'a, IIb iishows that the chain extension and epoxidation steps of (A) Tables I I5 ExamplesNos through. this invention aredistinct, and--that thereactants-are not close various reactants, most of which are representative Interchangeable p Examples 54 56, 59, 60, and 62-68 are within the scope zi f ggi as as P 5 of US. Pats. Nos. 2,926,116 012.926.154.11 is noted that Examples 1-21, and 42-49 disclose different acids. Most only Egamgles n 59 d i f of 'these examples use the identical backbone polyamine, fg i 2 mg g i aciepte-d terminating polyamine, chain extender, and epoxidizing gjgig gi gggg g i g3:3; g i and that 151231 521 2g: g; ag dg l basls for analyzmg the 10 Particular attention should be given to Examples 63 .68

It is ihus a arent that Examples 2 3 4 14 19 all of which used the same reactants. Various mole ratios, and 20 use a t fids that are not suitable r51 m'aking 1b.; temperatures and reactants were tried. all being within wet strength resins of this invention. Particularly interestsi i a? g: gg i' zgg patients i isi'vreng'th ing is the fact that the saturated acids of Examples 2, 3', Examples ad 57 are outside the scope 6 z i i ii iz ggigfi g j g g fgsgg s g g g i fg abovepatents because of the choice of. acid orsubstituted acid. It should be noted that Examples 51 and 52 dilfer lent. Example 13 shows that acyl halides are unsu table, only as to the choice of backbone polyamine and mat Examples 19 and 20 show that. lactones. are unsuitabie, Example 52 Shows Wet strength propertialthough.off, and Example 14 shows that those unsaturated acids WhlCh poor g decarboxylate are unsilitable- Example 58 is within the'scope of Us. Pat. No. 3,125,- i i ii 11 2 11 215 2 .312 i. We atou'th t t" saturated dicarboxylic acid is disclosed in Example 18. A g e percen ac 18 only useful tricarboxylic acid is disclosed in Example 43. Use- Use of resins at Various P 1 P Values ful C alkyl monO- and (Ii-esters are dis l s d in EXam- The wet strength resins of this invention may be used ples 1, 5, 10, 11, 17, and 42. Useful anhydrides are disunder both acid and alkaline pulp conditions. The followclosed in Examples 8, 9, and 16. ing table shows that two'batches of a typical resin (that Various backbone P l/amines, terminating polyamines, of Example 22) were both effective"f6i"wettieiigii1" iii chain extenders, and epoxidizing agents are also disclosed poses when used with pulp pH values of' from 4 to 10.

in the examples within the scope of this invention. TABLE m v The mole ratios of backbone polyamine to acid of examples within the scope of this invention in Table I vary Percent wet Strength from 0.75 to 0.95. This mole ratio was purposely kept at 0.5% added 1.0% added Batch about 0.95 very frequently in order to compare the efficacy U of the reactants on an objective basis. The mole ratios of 18.7 22.4 1

epoxidizing agent to active amino groups of examples in. fi fi 33;; 2

Table I within the scope of this invention vary from 0.70 21.0 26.5

to 1.89. iii 532i Particular attention should be given to Examples 21-41; 40 .1 29.1 1

These all use adipic acid and disclose that greatvariation 1 Average f tests on two batches 1 of the other reactants and of the mole ratios are possible. 1

The percent active column is extremely important for 1. Agemg and Stablhty 'quahtles reasons noted previously under reactant parameters. It Samples of resins both within and outside the scope must be understood, of course, that the activity of a resin this invention were tested for stability. and efiicacy upon is secondary to its percent Wet strength. If a resin has "ageing. The'results' were'a's follows.

TABLE IV Original wet Aged wet Percent of wet strength strength strength retention Time, Tern erdays ature, O. 0.5% 1.0% 0.5% 1.0% 0.5% 1.0% Average 21.s--23.8 19.6 21.6- 90.0 103.0 -90:5 182 22 18.5 22.0 10.5 18.1 90.0 32.4 86.2 14 19.6 24.6 18.5 21.0- 94.4. 85.3 89.9 9 50 17.3 21.2 15.4 18.'8'-' 89.0 88.6 88.8 19 1 22 10.2 20.7 22.3 27.2 137.0 131.0 134.0 131 22 19.9 22.8 111's 22.2 91.5 97.3 V 95.9 1 The resin of Example I of U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,926,116 and 2,926,154. a low wet strength, its activity is completely irrelevant to I, its usefulness The viscosities of the resinof Example 22 after varylng (B) Tables 11, Ha, Examples 50 through 68 50 ageing periods were correlated with their respective'we't close resins outside the scope of this invention. Ftrengths, order to f n kl t Example 50 was made with reactant ingredients that are mg emcacy of P resm W h the pecesslty of within the scope of this invention, but with a mole ratio P g handsheets- T i d 5 i w? of backbone polyamine to acid that was too high (0.95), resulting in a water insoluble polyamide that could not be TABLE j. epoxidized. Example 49 used the same reactants, but with p h a lower mole ratio (0.9). This indicates that the mole fment 94 7 Z P t ratio of backbone polyamine to acid should be within the jwet 93: 323

V strength strength visco t lgwlzidpart of the mole ratio range when a higher acid 70 Aging period O.) (0.5%) retained Viscosity-1. I retaisieg Example 61 difiers from those within the scope. of this 1 invention only in that an epoxidizing agent outside the 1914 35 scope of the invention was used. It should be noted that I the epoxidizing agent is useful as a chain extender in this invention, and is well known as a quaternizing agent. This Measured 11111101565 Brookfield viscometer at 25 0.

17 Based on a correlation of the figures of Table V, an aging test are conducted on additional resins within the scope of this invention, over a 72 hour period at 50 C. The results were as follows.

Measured in centiposes on a Broolcfield Viseometer at 25 C.

() Waste paper recycling and broke recovery Most wet strength resins increase the diificulty of recycling waste paper and recovering broke. Broke is defined as paper that has been discarded during the process of its manufacture, and includes web selvage, roll ends, blemished paper, etc. As broke generally constitutes about 10% of production, its recovery is important. The recovery (repulping) of wet strength treated paper is made diflioult by the presence of the resins, which do not easily degrade. It therefore is advantageous to use a resin which can degrade during broke recovery without a sacrifice of wet strength.

Broke from paper which is treated with the wet strength resins of this invention is more easily recovered (i.e.: repulped) than broke from paper treated with other wet strength resins such as for example, those of US. Pats. Nos. 2,926,116 and 2,926,154. In a mill trial, it was found that paper containing the resin of Example 22 added at 0.5 to 0.6% and 40% activity was easily repulped in a hydra pulper at a temperature of 2132 C. It is believed that this is primarily due to the slower polymerization rate of the resins of this invention. Thus, when broke treated with the resins of this invention is repulped, the resins are still incompletely polymerized and therefore degrade more easily. The polymerization of the resin is completed upon moderate aging, and is thus complete by the time the paper is used. By contrast, the polymerization of the resins of the above-mentioned patents is complete once the web is produced. The presence of resin-treated paper that does not degrade can jam the machinery, causing a work stoppage while it is physically removed. Small pieces of such paper can blemish the finished paper. Another factor contributing to easier broke recovery when using the resins of this invention, is that they have a lesser degree of self-sizing. That is, the resins of this invention impart a lower degree of water repellency to the paper than do those of US. Pats. Nos. 2,926,116 and 2,926,154. As a result, the broke has greater water absorbancy and is more easily repulped. Additionally, this property eliminates, in part, the need for adding a rewetting agent to the pulp to increase water absorbancy Where desired, such as in paper towelling.

Waste paper may also be more easily recovered if it contains the wet strength resins of this invention. Even when fully polymerized, the resins of this invention are more easily degraded in the repulping process than the resins of the prior art. Melamine-type wet strength resins,

for example, if used in amounts of 1 to 3%, cannot be broken up in the Waste paper repulping process. Paper treated with such resins must be physically removed, and cannot be recycled. The lower self-sizing properties of paper treated with wet strength resins of this invention also contributes towards the ease of repulping.

I claim:

1. An aqueous resin solution or aqueous colloidal suspensioncomprising a resin which is the reaction product of (A) a member selected from at least one of the group consisting of a (a) saturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 1 1 carbon atoms;

(b) non-decarboxylating unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms; (c) saturated and non-decarboxylating unsaturated tricarboxylic acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; (d) C alkyl monoand di-esters of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 2 to I12 carbon atoms; (e) C alkyl monoand di-esters of saturated and unsaturated tricarboxylic acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; and (f) :anhydrides of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 or 5 carbon atoms; with (B) at least one backbone polyamine, present in about 0.66 to about 0.99 mole per mole of the member, which may be branched or straight chain, and which contains at least two primary amino groups and at least one secondary or tertiary amino group, with the proviso that if the member has 10 or more carbon atoms, not more than 0.90 mole of the backbone polyamine are present, to form a base polyarnide having free carboxylic groups;

(C) at least one terminating polyamine, present in an amount at least sufficient to cap all free carboxylic groups remaining on the base polyamide, which may be branched or straight chain, and which contains only one primary amino group and at least one secondary or tertiary amino group, to form a terminated base;

(D) a chain extender, present in about equimolar quantities with the terminated base, selected from at least one of the group consisting of alkyldihalide, alkylet-herdihalide, phenyl bis-(alkylhalide), and phenylalkyldihalide, all containing from one to twelve carbon atoms, to form an extended base; and

(B) an epoxidizing agent, present in about 0.6 to about 1.5 moles per unreacted secondary or tertiary amino group remaining on the extended base, with the proviso that the amount of epoxidizing agent is not sufficiently in excess to reduce the pH of the reaction medium below about 5.0, selected from at least one of the group consisting of epihalohydrins and alkyl substituted epihalohydrins.

2. The aqueous resin of claim 1 in which the resin is present in parts by weight and the water is present in at least 30 parts by weight.

3. The resin of claim 2 in which the member is selected from at least one of the group consisting of: saturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 10 carbon atoms; C alkyl monoand di-esters of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and anhydrides of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 or 5 carbon atoms.

4. The resin of claim 2 in which the member is selected from at least one of the group consisting of: .diethyloxalate; diethylrnalonate; succinic acid; succinic anhydride; diethylsuccinate; monomethylsuccinate; maleic anhydride; D,L-malic acid, diglycollic acid; glutaric acid; glutaric anhydride; dimeth'ylglutarate; itaconic acid; adipic acid; monomethyl adipate; pimelic acid; suberic acid, azelaic acid; and sebacic acid. 9

5. The resin of claim 4 in which themember is adipic acid.

6. The resin of claim 4 in which the member is methyl glutarate.

7. The resin of claim 2 in which the backbone polyamine is selected from at least one of the group consisting of: prim, sec-diethylenetriamine;prim, sec-tetraethylenepentamine; prim, tert-bis(aminopropyl) methylamine; prim, sec-pentaethylenehexamine, and prim, sec-triethylenetetramine. 1

-8. The resin' of claim 7 in which the backbone polyamine is prim, sec-diethylenetriamine.

' 9. The resin of claim 2 in which the terminating polyamine is selected from at least one of the group consisting of: prim, tert-dimethylaminopropylamine; and prim, secaminoethylethanolamine.

10. The resin of claim 9 in which the terminating polyamine is prim, tert-dimethylaminopropylamine.

11. The resin of claim 2 in which the chain extender is selected from at least one of the group consisting of: methylenedibromide; ethylenedibromide; methylenediiodide; dichloroethylether; dichloroisopropylether; and triglycoldichloride.

12. The resin of claim 11 in which the chain extender .is dichloroethylether.

13. The resin of claim 2 in which the epoxidizing agent is an epihalohydrin.

14. The .resin of claim 13 in which the epoxidizing agent is epichlorohydrin.

15. The resin of claim 2 in which the member is adipic acid, the backbone polyamine is prim, sec-diethylenetriamine, the terminating amine is prim, tert-dimethylaminopropylamine, the chain extender is dichloroethylether and the epoxidizing agent is epichlorohydrin.

16. The resin of claim 2 in which the member is methyl glutarate, the backbone polyamine is prim, sec-diethylenetriamine, the terminating amine is prim, tort-dimethyl- .aminopropylamine, the chain extender is dichlorethylether and the epoxidizing agent is epichlorohydrin.

17. The resin of claim 2 in which the backbone polyamine is present in about 0.75 to about 0.95 mole.

18. The resin of claim 2 in which the epoxidizing agent is present in about 1.0 to about 1.4 moles.

19. A process for synthesizing a resin comprising:

(A) reacting in the presence of at least enough water to make a slurry (I) a member selected from at least one of the group consisting of (a) saturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 12 carbon atoms;

(b) non-decarboxylating unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having from 5 to 12 carbon ,7 atoms;

(c) saturated and non-decarboxylating unsaturated tricarboxylic acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms;

(d) C alkyl monoand di-esters of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 2"to 12 carbon atoms;

(e) C alkyl monoand di-esters of saturated and unsaturated tricarboxylic acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; and

(f) anhydrides of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 or 5 carbon atoms, with (II) atleast one backbone polyamine, present in about 0.66 to about 0.9 mole per mole of the member, which maybe branched or straight chain, and which contains at least two primary amino groups and at least one secondary or tertiary amino group, with the proviso that if the 1 .member -has 10 or more carbon atoms, not more 1 than 0.90 mole of the backbone polyamine are present, to form a base polyamide having free carboxylic groups, at a temperature of from I about 120 C. -to about 240 C. and for a time of from about 1 to about 6 hours, with the provisos that if an oxalic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 15 to about C. and

. the time is from about 5 to about 20 hours, if i, a malonic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 80 to about 160 C., if an acid containing five carbon atoms is used the temperature I is from about 120 to about 175 C., if malic a id is used the temperature is from about 120 20 to about 155 C., and if a diester is used the temperature is from about C. to about the reflux temperature of the mixture of base polyamide and alcohol by-product which forms, or the temperature at which the base polyamide degrades, Whichever is lower;

(B) removing any water, alcohol, or water/alcohol mixture present;

(C) reacting the base polyamide with at least one terminating polyamine, present in an amount at least sufiicient to cap all free carboxylic groups remaining on the base polyamide, which may be branched or straight chain, and which contains only one primary amino group and at least one secondary or teriary amino group, to form a terminated base, at a temperature of from about 120 C. to about 180 C. for a time of from about 15 minutes to about 3 hours, with the provisos that if an oxalic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 70 to about C., if a malonic acid ester is used to temperature is from about 80 to about C., if an acid containing five carbon atoms is used the temperature is from about to about C., and if malic acid is used the temperature is from about 100 to about 120 C.;

(D) adding water to the terminated base in an amount at least suiiicient to make a uniform solution;

(B) reacting the terminated base solution with a chain extender, present in about equimolar quantities with the terminated base, selected from at least one of the group consisting of alkyldihalide, alkyletherdihalide, phenyl bis-(alkylhalide), and phenylalkyldihalide, all containing from one to twelve carbon atoms, to form an extended base solution, at a temperature of from about 100 C. to about 120 C. for a time of from about 1 hour to about 3 hours, with the provisos that if an oxalic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 70 to about 90 C. and if a malonic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 80 to about 100 C.;

(F) adding water to the extened base in an amount dependent on the desired concentration of the final product;

(G) reacting the extended base solution with an epoxidizing agent, present in about 0.6 to about 1.5 moles per unreacted secondary or tertiary amino group remaining on the extended base, with the proviso that the amount of epoxidizing agent is not sufiiciently in excess to reduce the pH of the reaction medium below about 5.0, selected from at least one of the group consisting of epihalohydrins and alkyl substituted epihalohydrins; at a temperature range from about 40 C. to about 90 C. for a time of from about 20 minutes to about 15 hours to form a completed resin, with the proviso that if an oxalic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 40 to about 70 C.

20. The process of claim 19 with the additional step of preparing a resin solution by adding water in an amount sufiicient to reduce the concentration of active material to the desired level and an acid in an amount sufiicient to reduce the pH of the resin solution to from about 1.0 to about 5.5.

21. The process of claim 19 in which the member is adipic acid.

22. The process of claim 19 in which the member is dimethyl glutarate.

23. A process for synthesizing a resin comprising:

(A) reacting a member selected from at least one of the group consisting of C alkyl di-esters of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and C alkyl di-esters of saturated and unsaturated tricarboxylic acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; with at least one backbone polyamine, present in about 0.66 to about 0.99 mole per mole of the member, which may be branched or 21 straight chain, and which contains at least two primary amino groups and at least one secondary or tertiary amino group, with the proviso that if the member has 10 or more carbon atoms, not more than 0.90 mole of the backbone polyamine are present, to form a mixture of a base polyamide having free carboxylic groups and an alcohol by-product, at a temperature of from about 80 C. to about the reflux temperature of the base polyamide/alcohol mixture or the temperature at which the base polyamide degrades, whichever is lower, for a time of from about 1 to about 6 hours, with the provisos that if an oxalic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 15 to about 25 C. and the time is from about to about 20 hours; if a malonic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 80 to about 160 C., and if the ester of an acid containing five carbon atoms is used the temperature is from about 80 to about 150 C.;

(B) reacting the base polyamide/alcohol mixture with at least one terminating polyamine, present in an amount at least sufiicient to cap all free carboxylic groups remaining on the base polyamide, which may be branched or straight chain, and which contains only one primary amino group and at least one secondary or tertiary amino group, to form a terminated base/ alcohol mixture, at a temperature of from about 80 C. to about the reflux temperature of the terminated base/ alcohol mixture or the temperature at which the terminated base degrades, whichever is lower, for a time of from about 15 minutes to about 3 hours, with the provisos that if an oxalic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 70 to about 90 C.; if a to about the reflux temperature of the extended base/ alcohol/water solution or the temperature at which the extended base degrades, whichever is lower, for a time of from about 1 hour to about 3 hours, with the provisos that if an oxalic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 70 to about 90 C., if a malonic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 80 to about 100 C., and if the ester of an acid containing five carbon atoms is used the temperature is from about 80 to about 100 C.;

(E) adding water to the extended base/alcohol/water solution in an amount dependent on the desired concentration of the final product;

(F) reacting the extended base/ alcohol/ water solution with an epoxidizing agent, present in about 0.6 to about 1.5 moles per unreacted secondary or tertiary amino group remaining on the extended base, with the proviso that the amount of epoxidizing agent is not sufliciently in excess to reduce the pH of the reaction medium below about 5.0, selected from at least one of the group consisting of epihalohydrins and alkyl substituted epihalohydrins; at a temperature range from about 40 C. to about 90 C. for a time of from about 20 minutes to about 15 hours to form a completed resin, with the proviso that if an oxalic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 40 to about 70 C.

24. The process of claim 23 in which the member is dimethyl glutarate.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS malonic acid ester is used the temperature is from about 80 to about 100 C., and if the ester of an 2882185 4/1959 Valko at 26078 SC acid containing five carbon atoms is used the tem- 33151654 11/1965 schmalz EP perature is from about 80 to about 100 C.; 240,761 3/1966 Kelm et a1 26073 SC (C) adding water to the terminated base/alcohol mix- 3,250,664 5/1966 26078 SC ture in an amount at least sutficient to make a uni- 55322 et 2 63 7 8 form solution; D t th t t d b 3,459,697 8/1969 Goldberg et al. 260-29.2 EP reac ing e ermina e ase/alcohol/water solu 40 3,642,572 2/1972 Endres et a1. 260 78 SC tion with a chain extender, present in about equimolar quantities with the terminated base, selected from at least one of the group consisting of alkyldihalide, alkletherdihalide, phenyl bis-(alkylhalide), and phenylalkyldihalide, all containing from one to twelve carbon atoms, to form an extended base/alcohol/ water solution, at a temperature of from about 80 C.

PAUL LIEBERMAN, Primary Examiner A. H. KOECKERT, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. 3,793,279

DA E February 19, 197A INVENTOR(S) Stanley A. Lipowski it is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column i, line 9, "extendr" should be --extender-. Column 8, line 13, "teh" should be the--. Columns 9 and 10, Table I, Example 23, under heading "V. Epoxidizing Agent", "do" should be --Epibromohydrin-; columns 9 and 10, Table 1, Example 25, under heading "V. Epoxidizing Agent", "do" should be Epichlorohydrin-; columns 9 and 10, Table Ia, Example 31, under heading "Actual Temp. (fourth occurrence), "75" should be 70. Columns ll and 12, Table lb, Example 13, under heading "Reaction Time" (second occurrence), "30 hr" should be -30 min--; columns 11 and 12, Table Ib, Example 1 1, under heading "Reaction Time" (second occurrence), "15 hr" should be -l5 min-; columns 11 and 12, Table Ib, Example 15, under heading "Reaction Time" (second occurrence), "55 hr" should be -55 min-. Column 17, line 2, "are" should be -was-. Column 19, line 56, "0.9" should be -O.99-.

Signed and Sealed this Thirteenth Day Of June 1978 [SEAL] Attest:

RUT C. MASON DONALD W. BANNER Arresting Oflicer Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks 

